Diamondback terrapins are an integral part of the Chesapeake Bay's ecosystem. They play a role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem by feeding on various prey species and being preyed upon by others, thus contributing to the overall biodiversity of the region.

Diamondback terrapins are considered an indicator species, meaning their population health reflects the overall health of the environment. Monitoring their populations can provide insights into the health of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem and the impacts of human activities such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change.

Diamondback Terrapins are listed as Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Human activities have had significant impacts on terrapin populations. Coastal development and habitat destruction have led to the loss and degradation of nesting sites and foraging areas critical for terrapin survival. Road mortality is another major threat, as terrapins often traverse roads, especially during nesting season, leading to high rates of vehicle collisions. Pollution, including plastic debris and chemical contaminants, poses health risks and disrupts their ecosystems. Incidental capture in crab pots is also a significant threat.

Climate change-induced alterations in nesting beach temperatures and sea levels also pose significant challenges to terrapin survival.